State of California
AIR RESOURCES BOARD
Canyon Plaza Hotel
Fairway Room
2601 Golf Club Drive
Palm Springs, CA 92262
November 30, 1979
10:00 a.m.
AGENDA
PAGE
79-29-1 Public Meeting to Consider a Model Rule for the Control 006
of Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from the Manufacture
of Pneumatic Rubber Tires.
79-29-2 Other Business
1. Delegations to the Executive Officer
2. Executive Session
a. Personnel
b. Litigation
ITEM NO.: 79-29-1
Consideration of a Control Strategy for Volatile Organic Compound
Emissions from the Manufacture of Pneumatic Rubber Tires
SUMMARY
The four tire manufacturing plants in California emit about 12
tons of volatile organic compounds per day. Four major point
sources within each plant, namely the green (unvulcanized) tire
spraying, bead cementing, tread end cementing, and under tread
cementing, account for 75-85 percent of the total emissions.
Tire building accounts for 12 to 20 percent of the emissions.
However, control of tire building is not recommended because of
the very large area over which the emissions occur.
Of the four major point sources, control of the green tire spray
emissions appears to be most nearly accomplished since most major
tire manufacturers are now suing or investigating the use of
waterborne coatings with drastically reduced solvent contents.
In fact, one large manufacturer has synthesized proprietary
waterborne sprays for both inside and outside spray application
which contain no solvent.
The other three principal sources of VOC can be controlled by
employing stack gas treatment, with carbon adsorption or
incineration, together with an effective capture system. In some
facilities, however, the layout and method of operation make it
difficult to achieve a high capture efficiency. Under tread
cementing operations can usually be hooded more effectively than
bead or tread end cementing such that VOC levels will be more
concentrated and control costs more reasonable, ranging from a
savings of 9 cents to a cost of 23 cents per pounds of emissions
reduced. Depending upon the capture and control efficiencies for
bead and tread end cementing operations, costs are likely to be
much higher, from 52 cents to $1.76 per pound of VOC reduced.
Application of adsorption or incineration to those installations
where effective capture systems can't be installed could have
severe economic impact and require substantial energy penalties.
The tire manufacturing industry is experiencing economic
difficulties nationwide. One of the plants in California is
expected to close, and two others have announced 30 to 40 percent
cutbacks in production.
The EPA has published a CTG document which calls for control of
emissions from tire manufacturing. EPA requires that enforceable
emissions from tire manufacturing be adopted by July 1, 1980.
The staff estimates emission reductions of 9 tons per day from
the application of the control strategy recommended by this
report.
Staff recommends the Board approve the control strategy and
direct the staff to transmit it to the South Coast Air Quality
Management District, the Monterey Bay Unified Air Pollution
Control District, and the Kings County and San Joaquin County air
Pollution Control District.
Table of Contents
Page
I. Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
II. Conclusions and Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
A. Conclusions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
B. Recommendations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
C. Discussion of Control Strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
III. Background. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
A. Rule Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
B. Industry Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
C. Description of Tire Manufacturing Process. . . . . . . . . . . 17
IV. Emissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
A. EPA Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
B. ARB Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
V. Emission Control Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
VI. Potential Emission Reduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
VII. Impacts of Control Strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
A. Economic Impact. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
B. Energy Impact. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
C. Environmental Impact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
1. Air Pollution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
2. Water Pollution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
3. Safety. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Appendix I - California Tire Manufacturers
Appendix II - Workshop
Appendix III - Meeting Notice