State of California
AIR RESOURCES BOARD
State Office Building
455 Golden Gate Avenue - Room 1194
San Francisco, CA
October 26, 1978
10:00 a.m.
AGENDA
Page
78-20-1 Approval of Minutes of September 28, 1978 001
78-20-2 Consideration of Model Rule for the Control of Sulfur 004
Oxides and Organic Gas Emissions from Marine Vessel
Operations
78-20-3 Public Hearing to Consider Adoption of Six 150
Administrative Chapters as Revisions to the State
Implementation Plan
78-20-4 Other Business -
a. Executive Session - Personnel & Litigation
b. Research Proposals
ITEM NO.: 78-20-2
Consideration of Model Rule for the Control of Sulfur Oxides and
Organic Gas Emissions from Marine Vessel Operations
RECOMMENDATION
Approve the proposed model rule.
SUMMARY
Marine vessel operation in California Coastal Waters account for
substantial quantities of air pollutants. During 1976, the
average daily combustion emissions from these operations were at
least 133,000 pounds of sulfur dioxide (SO2), 71,000 pounds of
nitrogen oxides, and 10,000 pounds of particulate matter.
Organic gases are emitted during the loading of organic liquid
cargoes into tankers and barges. In addition, organic gases are
displaced to the atmosphere during the ballasting of uncleaned
cargo tans, and during tank washing, purging, and gas-freeing
operations. Organic gas emissions from tanker and barge
operations in California Coastal Waters during 1976 were at least
22,000 pounds per average day. Because in some cases organic
liquids are not transferred to and from tankers and barges on a
daily basis, emissions during those days when transfers do occur
may be much higher than the average daily emissions.
Meteorological studies conducted by the staff indicate that
emissions from marine vessel operations in California Coastal
Waters are transported onshore, particularly during the summer.
This phenomenon also exists in winter, although with somewhat
less persistence and frequency than during the summer.
In order to reduce emissions from marine vessel operations in
California Coastal Waters, the staff proposes a model rule which
would control both sulfur oxides and organic gas emissions. One
section of the model rule would limit the sulfur oxides emissions
from marine vessel to those which would result from the
combustion of fuel with a sulfur content of 0.5 percent by
weight. Another section of the model rule would require that the
weight of non-methane organic gas emissions resulting from
loading organic liquids into tank vessels be reduced by 95
percent from uncontrolled conditions, except that these emissions
would not have to be reduced below 2.0 pounds per 1,000 barrels
of organic liquid loaded. Finally, the rule would nearly
eliminate organic gas emissions resulting from ballasting, tank
washing, purging, and gas-freeing of tank vessels by prohibiting
most such operations in California Coastal Waters if they would
result in organic gas emissions. Implementation of the proposed
model rule would reduce sulfur oxides emissions from marine
vessels by approximately 56 percent and organic gas emissions by
about 96 percent.
Table of Contents
Page
I. Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
II. Background. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
A. Port Activities - General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
B. Petroleum Terminal Activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
C. Vessel types and Propulsion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
D. Combustion Emissions From Marine Vessels . . . . . . . . . . . 19
1. Powerplants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2. Fuel Characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
3. Operating Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
E. Organic Gas Emissions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
III. Summary and Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
IV. Discussion of Proposed Model Rule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
V. Need to Reduce Emissions From Marine Vessel Operations. . . . . . . 64
A. General Climatic Conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
B. Air Pollution Potential. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
C. Ambient Air Quality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
VI. Emissions From Marine Vessel Operations in California
Coastal Waters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
A. Combustion Emissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
B. Organic Gas Emissions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
VII. Emission Control Impact and Feasibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
A. Combustion Emissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
B. Organic Gas Emissions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100
VIII. Other Impacts of the proposed Rule . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104
A. Environmental Impacts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104
B. Economic Impacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105
IX. Recommendation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .131
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .132
Appendix A - Notice of Public Meeting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-1
ITEM NO.: 78-20-3
Public Hearing to Consider Adoption of Six Administrative
Chapters as Revisions to the State Implementation Plan (SIP).
RECOMMENDATION
Adopt Resolution 78-50.
SUMMARY
This is a public hearing for the Board to consider adopting, as
revisions to the SIP, six chapters which have been prepared to
meet administrative requirements of the Clean Air Act and related
EPA regulations.
These six chapters will form a part of the revised SIP. The
remainder of the plan is being prepared primarily by local and
regional agencies and will be considered by the Board as SIP
revisions at duly noticed public hearings following approval by
respective local agencies.
As the proposed action is the adoption of six administrative
chapters of the SIP and no regulatory action is proposed in these
chapters, there is no potential environmental impact anticipated
as a result of this action.
The chapters proposed for adoption are as follows:
Chapter 2 - Statewide Perspective
Chapter 20 - Compliance
Chapter 22 - Air Quality Monitoring System
Chapter 23 - Surveillance
Chapter 24 - Resources
Chapter 25 - Intergovernmental Relations
The chapters were distributed previously to Board Members, all
air pollution control districts, nonattainment lead agencies, and
interested public. Copies are also available at this hearing.